adafruit_turtle

  • Originals Author(s): LadyAda and Dave Astels

Implementation Notes

Hardware:

Software and Dependencies:

class adafruit_turtle.Color

Standard colors

class adafruit_turtle.Vec2D(x: float, y: float)

A 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics programs also. Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple!

rotate(angle: float) → Vec2D

Rotate self counterclockwise by angle.

Parameters:

angle – how much to rotate

class adafruit_turtle.turtle(display: displayio.Display | None = None, scale: float = 1)

A Turtle that can be given commands to draw.

back(distance: float) → None

Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Does not change the turtle’s heading.

Parameters:

distance – how far to move (integer or float)

backward(distance: float) → None

Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Does not change the turtle’s heading.

Parameters:

distance – how far to move (integer or float)

bgcolor(c: int | None = None) → int

Return or set the background color.

bgcolor()

Return the current backgroud color as color specification string. May be used as input to another color/ pencolor/fillcolor call.

bgcolor(colorvalue)

Set backgroud color to colorvalue, which is a 24-bit integer such as 0xFF0000. The Color class provides the available values: WHITE, BLACK, RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE, PINK

bgpic(picname: str | None = None) → str | None

Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. Optional argument: picname – a string, name of an image file or “nopic”. If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If picname is “nopic”, delete backgroundimage, if present. If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage.

bk(distance: float) → None

Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Does not change the turtle’s heading.

Parameters:

distance – how far to move (integer or float)

changeturtle(source: displayio.TileGrid | str | None = None, dimensions: Tuple[int, int] = (12, 12)) → None

Change the turtle. if a string is provided, its a path to an image opened via OnDiskBitmap if a tilegrid is provided, it replace the default one for the turtle shape. if no argument is provided, the default shape will be restored

circle(radius: float, extent: float | None = None, steps: int | None = None) → None

Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent.

As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, it will be calculated automatically. May be used to draw regular polygons.

Parameters:

  • radius – the radius of the circle

  • extent – the arc of the circle to be drawn

  • steps – how many points along the arc are computed

clear() → None

Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle.

clearstamp(stampid: int) → None

Delete stamp with given stampid.

Parameters:

stampid – the id of the stamp to be deleted

clearstamps(n: int | None = None) → None

Delete all or first/last n of turtle’s stamps. If n is None, delete all stamps, if n > 0 delete first n stamps, else if n < 0 delete last n stamps.

Parameters:

n – how many stamps to delete (None means delete them all)

degrees(fullcircle: float = 360) → None

Set angle measurement units, i.e. set number of “degrees” for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees.

Parameters:

fullcircle – the number of degrees in a full circle

distance(x1: float | List[float] | Tuple[float, float], y1: float | None) → float

Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) or the vector, in turtle step units.

Parameters:

  • x – a number or a pair/vector of numbers

  • y – a number if x is a number, else None

dot(size: int | None = None, color: int | None = None) → None

Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used.

Parameters:

  • size – the diameter of the dot

  • color – the color of the dot

down() → None

Pull the pen down - drawing when moving.

fd(distance: float) → None

Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed.

Parameters:

distance – how far to move (integer or float)

forward(distance: float) → None

Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed.

Parameters:

distance – how far to move (integer or float)

goto(x1: float | Vec2D | Tuple[float, float], y1: float | None = None) → None

If y1 is None, x1 must be a pair of coordinates or an (x, y) tuple

Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Does not change the turtle’s orientation.

Parameters:

  • x1 – a number or a pair of numbers

  • y1 – a number or None

heading() → float

Return the turtle’s current heading (value depends on the turtle mode, see mode()).

hideturtle() → None

Make the turtle invisible.

home() → None

Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) - and set its heading to its start-orientation (which depends on the mode, see mode()).

ht() → None

Make the turtle invisible.

isdown() → bool

Return True if pen is down, False if it’s up.

isvisible() → bool

Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it’s hidden.

left(angle: float) → None

Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode().

Parameters:

angle – how much to rotate to the left (integer or float)

lt(angle: float) → None

Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode().

Parameters:

angle – how much to rotate to the left (integer or float)

mode(mode: str | None = None) → str | None

Set turtle mode (“standard” or “logo”) and perform reset. If mode is not given, current mode is returned.

Mode “standard” is compatible with old turtle. Mode “logo” is compatible with most Logo turtle graphics.

Parameters:

mode – one of the strings “standard” or “logo”

pd() → None

Pull the pen down - drawing when moving.

pencolor(c: int | None = None) → int

Return or set the pencolor.

pencolor()

Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/ pencolor/fillcolor call.

pencolor(colorvalue)

Set pencolor to colorvalue, which is a 24-bit integer such as 0xFF0000. The Color class provides the available values: BLACK, WHITE, RED, YELLOW, ORANGE, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE, PINK GRAY, LIGHT_GRAY, BROWN, DARK_GREEN, TURQUOISE, DARK_BLUE, DARK_RED

pendown() → None

Pull the pen down - drawing when moving.

pensize(width: int | None = None) → int

Set the line thickness to width or return it. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned.

Parameters:

width –

  • a positive number

penup() → None

Pull the pen up - no drawing when moving.

pos() → Vec2D

Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) (as a Vec2D vector).

position() → Vec2D

Return the turtle’s current location (x,y) (as a Vec2D vector).

pu() → None

Pull the pen up - no drawing when moving.

radians() → None

Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to degrees(2*math.pi).

reset() → None

Delete the turtle’s drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values.

right(angle: float) → None

Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode().

Parameters:

angle – how much to rotate to the right (integer or float)

rt(angle: float) → None

Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode().

Parameters:

angle – how much to rotate to the right (integer or float)

seth(to_angle: float) → None

Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Here are some common directions in degrees:

angle

standard mode

logo mode

0

east

north

90

north

east

180

west

south

270

south

west
Parameters:

to_angle – the new turtle heading

setheading(to_angle: float) → None

Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Here are some common directions in degrees:

angle

standard mode

logo mode

0

east

north

90

north

east

180

west

south

270

south

west
Parameters:

to_angle – the new turtle heading

setpos(x1: float | Vec2D | Tuple[float, float], y1: float | None = None) → None

If y1 is None, x1 must be a pair of coordinates or an (x, y) tuple

Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Does not change the turtle’s orientation.

Parameters:

  • x1 – a number or a pair of numbers

  • y1 – a number or None

setposition(x1: float | Vec2D | Tuple[float, float], y1: float | None = None) → None

If y1 is None, x1 must be a pair of coordinates or an (x, y) tuple

Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Does not change the turtle’s orientation.

Parameters:

  • x1 – a number or a pair of numbers

  • y1 – a number or None

setx(x: float) → None

Set the turtle’s first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate unchanged.

Parameters:

x – new value of the turtle’s x coordinate (a number)

sety(y: float) → None

Set the turtle’s second coordinate to y, leave first coordinate unchanged.

Parameters:

y – new value of the turtle’s y coordinate (a number)

showturtle() → None

Make the turtle visible.

speed(speed: int | None = None) → int | None

Set the turtle’s speed to an integer value in the range 0..10. If no argument is given, return current speed.

If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 1, speed is set to 0. Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues as follows:

“fastest”: 0 “fast”: 10 “normal”: 6 “slow”: 3 “slowest”: 1 Speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of line drawing and turtle turning.

Attention: speed = 0 means that no animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly.

Parameters:

speed – the new turtle speed (0..10) or None

st() → None

Make the turtle visible.

stamp(bitmap: displayio.Bitmap | None = None, palette: displayio.Palette | None = None) → int

Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id).

towards(x1: float | Vec2D | Tuple[float, float], y1: float | None = None) → float

Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified by (x,y) or the vector. This depends on the turtle’s start orientation which depends on the mode - “standard” or “logo”).

Parameters:

  • x – a number or a pair/vector of numbers

  • y – a number if x is a number, else None

up() → None

Pull the pen up - no drawing when moving.

width(width: int | None = None) → int

Set the line thickness to width or return it. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned.

Parameters:

width –

  • a positive number

window_height() → float

Return the height of the turtle window.

window_width() → float

Return the width of the turtle window.

xcor() → float

Return the turtle’s x coordinate.

ycor() → float

Return the turtle’s y coordinate.