microcontroller – Pin references and cpu functionality

The microcontroller module defines the pins and other bare-metal hardware from the perspective of the microcontroller. See board for board-specific pin mappings.

Available on these boards
  • 01Space 0.42 OLED ESP32C3
  • 0xCB Helios
  • 42. Keebs Frood
  • 8086 Commander
  • @sarfata shIRtty
  • AITHinker ESP32-C3S_Kit
  • AITHinker ESP32-C3S_Kit_2M
  • ARAMCON Badge 2019
  • ARAMCON2 Badge
  • ATMegaZero ESP32-S2
  • Adafruit BLM Badge
  • Adafruit CLUE nRF52840 Express
  • Adafruit Camera
  • Adafruit Circuit Playground Bluefruit
  • Adafruit Circuit Playground Express 4-H
  • Adafruit CircuitPlayground Express
  • Adafruit CircuitPlayground Express with Crickit libraries
  • Adafruit CircuitPlayground Express with displayio
  • Adafruit EdgeBadge
  • Adafruit Feather Bluefruit Sense
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32 V2
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32-C6 4MB Flash No PSRAM
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32-S2 Reverse TFT
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32-S2 TFT
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32-S3 Reverse TFT
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32-S3 TFT
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32S2
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32S3 4MB Flash 2MB PSRAM
  • Adafruit Feather ESP32S3 No PSRAM
  • Adafruit Feather HUZZAH32
  • Adafruit Feather M0 Adalogger
  • Adafruit Feather M0 Basic
  • Adafruit Feather M0 Express
  • Adafruit Feather M0 Express with Crickit libraries
  • Adafruit Feather M0 RFM69
  • Adafruit Feather M0 RFM9x
  • Adafruit Feather M4 CAN
  • Adafruit Feather M4 Express
  • Adafruit Feather MIMXRT1011
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 CAN
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 DVI
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 Prop-Maker
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 RFM
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 Scorpio
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 ThinkInk
  • Adafruit Feather RP2040 USB Host
  • Adafruit Feather STM32F405 Express
  • Adafruit Feather nRF52840 Express
  • Adafruit Floppsy RP2040
  • Adafruit FunHouse
  • Adafruit Gemma M0
  • Adafruit Gemma M0 PyCon 2018
  • Adafruit Grand Central M4 Express
  • Adafruit HUZZAH32 Breakout
  • Adafruit Hallowing M4 Express
  • Adafruit ItsyBitsy ESP32
  • Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express
  • Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 Express
  • Adafruit ItsyBitsy RP2040
  • Adafruit ItsyBitsy nRF52840 Express
  • Adafruit KB2040
  • Adafruit LED Glasses Driver nRF52840
  • Adafruit Macropad RP2040
  • Adafruit MagTag
  • Adafruit Matrix Portal M4
  • Adafruit MatrixPortal S3
  • Adafruit Metro ESP32S2
  • Adafruit Metro ESP32S3
  • Adafruit Metro M0 Express
  • Adafruit Metro M4 Airlift Lite
  • Adafruit Metro M4 Express
  • Adafruit Metro RP2040
  • Adafruit Metro nRF52840 Express
  • Adafruit Monster M4SK
  • Adafruit NeoKey Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit NeoPixel Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit ProxLight Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit PyGamer
  • Adafruit PyPortal
  • Adafruit PyPortal Pynt
  • Adafruit PyPortal Titano
  • Adafruit PyRuler
  • Adafruit Pybadge
  • Adafruit QT Py ESP32 PICO
  • Adafruit QT Py ESP32-S3 4MB Flash 2MB PSRAM
  • Adafruit QT Py ESP32-S3 no psram
  • Adafruit QT Py ESP32C3
  • Adafruit QT Py ESP32S2
  • Adafruit QT Py M0
  • Adafruit QT Py M0 Haxpress
  • Adafruit QT Py RP2040
  • Adafruit QT2040 Trinkey
  • Adafruit Rotary Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit SHT4x Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit Slide Trinkey M0
  • Adafruit Trellis M4 Express
  • Adafruit Trinket M0
  • Adafruit-Qualia-S3-RGB666
  • AloriumTech Evo M51
  • Arduino MKR Zero
  • Arduino MKR1300
  • Arduino Nano 33 BLE
  • Arduino Nano 33 IoT
  • Arduino Nano ESP32
  • Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect
  • Arduino Zero
  • Artisense Reference Design RD00
  • AtelierDuMaker nRF52840 Breakout
  • BBQ20KBD
  • BDMICRO VINA-D21
  • BDMICRO VINA-D51
  • BLE-SS dev board Multi Sensor
  • BLING!
  • BLOK
  • BPI-Bit-S2
  • BPI-Leaf-S3
  • BPI-PicoW-S3
  • BastBLE
  • BastWiFi
  • Bee-Data-Logger
  • Bee-Motion-S3
  • Bee-S3
  • BlizzardS3
  • BlueMicro833
  • BlueMicro840
  • COSMO-Pico
  • CP Sapling M0
  • CP Sapling M0 w/ SPI Flash
  • CP32-M4
  • CRCibernetica IdeaBoard
  • Capable Robot Programmable USB Hub
  • Cedar Grove StringCar M0 Express
  • Challenger NB RP2040 WiFi
  • Challenger RP2040 LTE
  • Challenger RP2040 LoRa
  • Challenger RP2040 SD/RTC
  • Challenger RP2040 SubGHz
  • Challenger RP2040 WiFi
  • Challenger RP2040 WiFi/BLE
  • Circuit Playground Express Digi-Key PyCon 2019
  • CircuitBrains Basic
  • CircuitBrains Deluxe
  • ColumbiaDSL-Sensor-Board-V1
  • CrumpS2
  • Cytron EDU PICO W
  • Cytron Maker Feather AIoT S3
  • Cytron Maker Nano RP2040
  • Cytron Maker Pi RP2040
  • Cytron Maker Uno RP2040
  • DFRobot Beetle ESP32-C3
  • DFRobot FireBeetle 2 ESP32-S3
  • Datanoise PicoADK
  • Deneyap Kart
  • Deneyap Kart 1A
  • Deneyap Kart 1A v2
  • Deneyap Kart G
  • Deneyap Mini
  • Deneyap Mini v2
  • Diodes Delight Piunora
  • DynOSSAT-EDU-EPS
  • DynOSSAT-EDU-OBC
  • DynaLoRa_USB
  • E-Fidget
  • ELECFREAKS PICO:ED
  • ES3ink
  • ESP 12k NodeMCU
  • ESP32 Devkit V1
  • ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1
  • ESP32-C6-DevKitC-1-N8
  • ESP32-C6-DevKitM-1
  • ESP32-H2-DevKitM-1
  • ESP32-S2-DevKitC-1-N4
  • ESP32-S2-DevKitC-1-N4R2
  • ESP32-S2-DevKitC-1-N8R2
  • ESP32-S3-Box-2.5
  • ESP32-S3-Box-Lite
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1-N32R8
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1-N8
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1-N8R2
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1-N8R8
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1-N8R8-with-HACKTABLET
  • ESP32-S3-DevKitM-1-N8
  • ESP32-S3-EYE
  • ESP32-S3-USB-OTG-N8
  • Electrolama minik
  • Electronic Cats Bast Pro Mini M0
  • Electronic Cats CatWAN USBStick
  • Electronic Cats Hunter Cat NFC
  • Electronic Cats NFC Copy Cat
  • Electronut Labs Blip
  • Electronut Labs Papyr
  • EncoderPad RP2040
  • Escornabot Makech
  • Espressif ESP32 DevKitc V4 WROOM-32E
  • Espressif ESP32 DevKitc V4 WROVER
  • Espressif ESP32-EYE
  • Espressif ESP32-LyraT
  • Espressif-ESP32-S3-LCD-EV-Board
  • Espruino Bangle.js 2
  • Espruino Pico
  • Espruino Wifi
  • Feather MIMXRT1011
  • Feather MIMXRT1062
  • FeatherS2
  • FeatherS2 Neo
  • FeatherS2 PreRelease
  • FeatherS3
  • Fig Pi
  • Flipper Zero Wi-Fi Dev
  • Fluff M0
  • Fomu
  • Franzininho WIFI w/Wroom
  • Franzininho WIFI w/Wrover
  • Gravitech Cucumber M
  • Gravitech Cucumber MS
  • Gravitech Cucumber R
  • Gravitech Cucumber RS
  • HEIA-FR Picomo V2
  • HMI-DevKit-1.1
  • Hack Club Sprig
  • Hacked Feather M0 Express with 8Mbyte SPI flash
  • HalloWing M0 Express
  • Hardkernel Odroid Go
  • Heltec ESP32-S3-WIFI-LoRa-V3
  • HexKyS2
  • HiiBot BlueFi
  • IMXRT1010-EVK
  • IMXRT1015-EVK
  • IkigaiSense Vita nRF52840
  • IoTs2
  • J&J Studios datum-Distance
  • J&J Studios datum-IMU
  • J&J Studios datum-Light
  • J&J Studios datum-Weather
  • Kaluga 1
  • LILYGO T-DECK
  • LILYGO T-DISPLAY
  • LILYGO T-DISPLAY S3 v1.2
  • LILYGO TEMBED ESP32S3
  • LILYGO TTGO T-01C3
  • LILYGO TTGO T-DISPLAY v1.1
  • LILYGO TTGO T-DISPLAY v1.1 4M
  • LILYGO TTGO T-OI PLUS
  • LILYGO TTGO T8 ESP32-S2
  • LILYGO TTGO T8 ESP32-S2 w/Display
  • LOLIN S3 16MB Flash 8MB PSRAM
  • LOLIN S3 MINI 4MB Flash 2MB PSRAM
  • LOLIN S3 PRO 16MB Flash 8MB PSRAM
  • Lilygo T-watch 2020 V3
  • LoC BeR M4 base board
  • Luatos Core-ESP32C3
  • M5 Stack Cardputer
  • M5STACK STAMP-C3
  • M5Stack Atom Echo
  • M5Stack Atom Lite
  • M5Stack Atom Matrix
  • M5Stack Atom U
  • M5Stack AtomS3
  • M5Stack AtomS3 Lite
  • M5Stack AtomS3U
  • M5Stack Core Basic
  • M5Stack Core Fire
  • M5Stack Core2
  • M5Stack Dial
  • M5Stack M5Paper
  • M5Stack Stick C
  • M5Stack Stick C Plus
  • M5Stack Timer Camera X
  • MDBT50Q-DB-40
  • MDBT50Q-RX Dongle
  • MEOWBIT
  • MORPHEANS MorphESP-240
  • MagiClick S3 N4R2
  • Maker badge by Czech maker
  • MakerDiary nRF52840 MDK
  • MakerDiary nRF52840 MDK USB Dongle
  • MakerFabs-ESP32-S3-Parallel-TFT-With-Touch-7inch
  • Makerdiary M60 Keyboard
  • Makerdiary Pitaya Go
  • Makerdiary nRF52840 Connect Kit
  • Makerdiary nRF52840 M.2 Developer Kit
  • Maple Computing Elite-Pi
  • Melopero Shake RP2040
  • Meow Meow
  • Metro MIMXRT1011
  • MicroDev microC3
  • MicroDev microS2
  • Mini SAM M4
  • MixGo CE
  • NUCLEO F446RE
  • NUCLEO STM32F746
  • NUCLEO STM32F767
  • NUCLEO STM32H743
  • NanoS3
  • Neuron
  • OPENMV-H7 R1
  • Oak Dev Tech BREAD2040
  • Oak Dev Tech Cast-Away RP2040
  • Oak Dev Tech PixelWing ESP32S2
  • Open Hardware Summit 2020 Badge
  • Oxocard Artwork
  • Oxocard Connect
  • Oxocard Galaxy
  • Oxocard Science
  • P1AM-200
  • PCA10056 nRF52840-DK
  • PCA10059 nRF52840 Dongle
  • PCA10100 nRF52833 DK
  • PYB LR Nano V2
  • Pajenicko PicoPad
  • Particle Argon
  • Particle Boron
  • Particle Xenon
  • PewPew 10.2
  • PewPew LCD
  • PewPew M4
  • PicoPlanet
  • PillBug
  • Pimoroni Badger 2040
  • Pimoroni Badger 2040 W
  • Pimoroni Inky Frame 5.7
  • Pimoroni Inky Frame 7.3
  • Pimoroni Interstate 75
  • Pimoroni Keybow 2040
  • Pimoroni Motor 2040
  • Pimoroni PGA2040
  • Pimoroni Pico DV Base W
  • Pimoroni Pico LiPo (16MB)
  • Pimoroni Pico LiPo (4MB)
  • Pimoroni Pico dv Base
  • Pimoroni PicoSystem
  • Pimoroni Plasma 2040
  • Pimoroni Plasma 2040W
  • Pimoroni Servo 2040
  • Pimoroni Tiny 2040 (2MB)
  • Pimoroni Tiny 2040 (8MB)
  • ProS3
  • PyCubedv04
  • PyCubedv04-MRAM
  • PyCubedv05
  • PyCubedv05-MRAM
  • PyKey 18 Numpad
  • PyKey 44 Ergo
  • PyKey 60
  • PyKey 87 TKL
  • PyboardV1_1
  • RP2.65-F
  • RP2040 Stamp
  • Raspberry Breadstick
  • Raspberry Pi 4B
  • Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4
  • Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 IO Board
  • Raspberry Pi Pico
  • Raspberry Pi Pico W
  • Raspberry Pi Zero
  • Raspberry Pi Zero 2W
  • Raspberry Pi Zero W
  • Robo HAT MM1 M4
  • S2Mini
  • S2Pico
  • SAM E54 Xplained Pro
  • SAM32v26
  • SPRESENSE
  • SSCI ISP1807 Dev Board
  • SSCI ISP1807 Micro Board
  • ST STM32F746G Discovery
  • STM32F411E_DISCO
  • STM32F412G_DISCO
  • STM32F4_DISCO
  • Saola 1 w/Wroom
  • Saola 1 w/Wrover
  • Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3
  • Seeed XIAO nRF52840 Sense
  • Seeeduino Wio Terminal
  • Seeeduino XIAO
  • Seeeduino XIAO KB
  • Seeeduino XIAO RP2040
  • Serpente
  • SiLabs xG24 Dev Kit
  • SiLabs xG24 Explorer Kit
  • Silicognition LLC M4-Shim
  • Silicognition LLC RP2040-Shim
  • Simmel
  • SparkFun LUMIDrive
  • SparkFun MicroMod RP2040 Processor
  • SparkFun MicroMod SAMD51 Processor
  • SparkFun MicroMod nRF52840 Processor
  • SparkFun Pro Micro RP2040
  • SparkFun Pro nRF52840 Mini
  • SparkFun Qwiic Micro
  • SparkFun RedBoard Turbo
  • SparkFun SAMD21 Dev Breakout
  • SparkFun SAMD21 Mini Breakout
  • SparkFun STM32 MicroMod Processor
  • SparkFun Teensy MicroMod Processor
  • SparkFun Thing Plus - RP2040
  • SparkFun Thing Plus - SAMD51
  • SparkFun Thing Plus - STM32
  • Sparkfun Thing Plus MGM240P
  • Sprite_v2b
  • StackRduino M0 PRO
  • SuperMini NRF52840
  • Swan R5
  • TG-Boards' Datalore IP M4
  • TG-Watch
  • THUNDERPACK_v11
  • THUNDERPACK_v12
  • TTGO T8 ESP32-S2-WROOM
  • Targett Module Clip w/Wroom
  • Targett Module Clip w/Wrover
  • Teensy 4.0
  • Teensy 4.1
  • Teknikio Bluebird
  • The Open Book Feather
  • TinkeringTech ScoutMakes Azul
  • TinyC6
  • TinyPICO
  • TinyPICO Nano
  • TinyS2
  • TinyS3
  • TinyWATCH S3
  • Trinket M0 Haxpress
  • UARTLogger II
  • VCC-GND Studio YD RP2040
  • VCC-GND YD-ESP32-S3 (N16R8)
  • VCC-GND YD-ESP32-S3 (N8R8)
  • W5100S-EVB-Pico
  • W5500-EVB-Pico
  • WSC-1450
  • WarmBit BluePixel nRF52840
  • Waveshare ESP32-S2-Pico
  • Waveshare ESP32-S2-Pico-LCD
  • Waveshare ESP32-S3-Pico
  • Waveshare ESP32-S3-Zero
  • Waveshare RP2040-LCD-0.96
  • Waveshare RP2040-LCD-1.28
  • Waveshare RP2040-Plus (16MB)
  • Waveshare RP2040-Plus (4MB)
  • Waveshare RP2040-TOUCH-LCD-1.28
  • Waveshare RP2040-Tiny
  • Waveshare RP2040-Zero
  • WeAct ESP32-C6 (4MB)
  • WeAct ESP32-C6 (8MB)
  • WeAct Studio Pico
  • WeAct Studio Pico 16MB
  • Wemos Lolin C3 Mini" // from Wemos MP
  • Wemos Lolin C3 Pico" // from Wemos MP
  • Winterbloom Big Honking Button
  • Winterbloom Sol
  • WisdPi Ardu2040M
  • WisdPi Tiny RP2040
  • XinaBox CC03
  • XinaBox CS11
  • iLabs Challenger 840
  • iMX RT 1020 EVK
  • iMX RT 1040 EVK
  • iMX RT 1050 EVKB
  • iMX RT 1060 EVK
  • iMX RT 1060 EVKB
  • keithp.com snekboard
  • micro:bit v2
  • nanoESP32-S2 w/Wrover
  • nanoESP32-S2 w/Wroom
  • ndGarage[n°] Bit6: FeatherSnow-v2
  • ndGarage[n°]Bit6:FeatherSnow
  • nice!nano
  • nullbits Bit-C PRO
  • senseBox MCU
  • senseBox MCU-S2 ESP32S2
  • splitkb.com Liatris
  • stm32f411ce-blackpill
  • stm32f411ce-blackpill-with-flash
  • takayoshiotake Octave RP2040
  • uChip
  • uGame10
  • uGame22

microcontroller.cpu: Processor

CPU information and control, such as cpu.temperature and cpu.frequency (clock frequency). This object is an instance of microcontroller.Processor.

microcontroller.cpus: Processor

CPU information and control, such as cpus[0].temperature and cpus[1].frequency (clock frequency) on chips with more than 1 cpu. The index selects which cpu. This object is an instance of microcontroller.Processor.

microcontroller.delay_us(delay: int) None

Dedicated delay method used for very short delays. Do not do long delays because this stops all other functions from completing. Think of this as an empty while loop that runs for the specified (delay) time. If you have other code or peripherals (e.g audio recording) that require specific timing or processing while you are waiting, explore a different avenue such as using time.sleep().

microcontroller.disable_interrupts() None

Disable all interrupts. Be very careful, this can stall everything.

microcontroller.enable_interrupts() None

Enable the interrupts that were enabled at the last disable.

microcontroller.on_next_reset(run_mode: RunMode) None

Configure the run mode used the next time the microcontroller is reset but not powered down.

Parameters:

run_mode (RunMode) – The next run mode

microcontroller.reset() None

Reset the microcontroller. After reset, the microcontroller will enter the run mode last set by on_next_reset.

Warning

This may result in file system corruption when connected to a host computer. Be very careful when calling this! Make sure the device “Safely removed” on Windows or “ejected” on Mac OSX and Linux.

microcontroller.nvm: nvm.ByteArray | None

Available non-volatile memory. This object is the sole instance of nvm.ByteArray when available or None otherwise.

Type:

nvm.ByteArray or None

microcontroller.watchdog: watchdog.WatchDogTimer | None

Available watchdog timer. This object is the sole instance of watchdog.WatchDogTimer when available or None otherwise.

class microcontroller.Pin

Identifies an IO pin on the microcontroller.

Identifies an IO pin on the microcontroller. They are fixed by the hardware so they cannot be constructed on demand. Instead, use board or microcontroller.pin to reference the desired pin.

__hash__() int

Returns a hash for the Pin.

class microcontroller.Processor

Microcontroller CPU information and control

Usage:

import microcontroller
print(microcontroller.cpu.frequency)
print(microcontroller.cpu.temperature)

Note that on chips with more than one cpu (such as the RP2040)
microcontroller.cpu will return the value for CPU 0.
To get values from other CPUs use microcontroller.cpus indexed by
the number of the desired cpu. i.e.

print(microcontroller.cpus[0].temperature)
print(microcontroller.cpus[1].frequency)

You cannot create an instance of microcontroller.Processor. Use microcontroller.cpu to access the sole instance available.

frequency: int

The CPU operating frequency in Hertz.

Limitations: On most boards, frequency is read-only. Setting the frequency is possible on RP2040 boards and some i.MX boards.

Warning

Overclocking likely voids your warranties and may reduce the lifetime of the chip.

Warning

Changing the frequency may cause issues with other subsystems, such as USB, PWM, and PIO. To minimize issues, set the CPU frequency before initializing other systems.

reset_reason: ResetReason

The reason the microcontroller started up from reset state.

temperature: float | None

The on-chip temperature, in Celsius, as a float. (read-only)

Is None if the temperature is not available.

Limitations: Not available on ESP32 or ESP32-S3. On small SAMD21 builds without external flash, the reported temperature has reduced accuracy and precision, to save code space.

uid: bytearray

The unique id (aka serial number) of the chip as a bytearray. (read-only)

voltage: float | None

The input voltage to the microcontroller, as a float. (read-only)

Is None if the voltage is not available.

class microcontroller.ResetReason

The reason the microcontroller was last reset

POWER_ON: object

The microcontroller was started from power off.

BROWNOUT: object

The microcontroller was reset due to too low a voltage.

SOFTWARE: object

The microcontroller was reset from software.

DEEP_SLEEP_ALARM: object

The microcontroller was reset for deep sleep and restarted by an alarm.

RESET_PIN: object

The microcontroller was reset by a signal on its reset pin. The pin might be connected to a reset button.

WATCHDOG: object

The microcontroller was reset by its watchdog timer.

UNKNOWN: object

The microcontroller restarted for an unknown reason.

RESCUE_DEBUG: object

The microcontroller was reset by the rescue debug port.

class microcontroller.RunMode

run state of the microcontroller

Enum-like class to define the run mode of the microcontroller and CircuitPython.

NORMAL: RunMode

Run CircuitPython as normal.

SAFE_MODE: RunMode

Run CircuitPython in safe mode. User code will not run and the file system will be writeable over USB.

UF2: RunMode

Run the uf2 bootloader.

BOOTLOADER: RunMode

Run the default bootloader.